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Stan's comments on this metal detecting article...

Here is an enlightening article about the history of metal detectors 
and how they work. Metal Detector technology has sure come a long way 
since 1881. Most people don't know the basic electronic workings of the 
metal detector as so simply explained in this article. 

How Metal Detectors Work
by: Phil Morris


The first metal detector was created in 1881 by Alexander Graham Bell 
to detect the bullet lodged in the body of President James Garfield when 
he was assassinated. The first portable version was patented in 1931 by 
Fischer. Since then, this instrument has become very common. Here are 
some insights on the workings of metal detectors. 

What is a metal detector? An electronic instrument that can find any 
instance of metal from the ground, a human body or a parcel is called 
metal detector. It has the ability to pass through the sand, soil, wood 
and any other non-metallic items. It can track anything metallic. 

How the metal detector is constructed? An elementary metal detector has 
an electronic box along with a battery on one side, with a handle to 
let the operator place his arm. It has a coil made of insulated wire 
wrapped around the telescoping shaft and ends in a round plastic disk. The 
disk is displaced from the shaft making an angle that helps it to 
maintain parallel position to the floor. The operator holds the electronic 
box and switches on the power to start sweeping the coil slowly on the 
ground till there is an electronic signal. This signal shows the 
presence of a metallic item underneath the area already swept by the coil. 

How does a metal detector work? Metal detectors use the principal of 
electromagnetism and the effect it exerts on metals. The metal coil 
called the transmitter works on the battery power and generates a magnetic 
field that works on the surroundings. When this field enters the ground, 
any metallic item becomes magnetic. This generates the electronic 
signal, which is detected by the receiver in the coil. Receiver in turn 
dispatches a signal to the electronic box. The speaker makes this sound 
louder, generating a beep for the operator. The electronic box consists of 
microprocessors to measure the time lag between charging the area and 
receiving the signal. This time lag is called the phase shift and lets 
you know which metals are present. Using this principle, you can 
configure the high-end metal detectors to look out for specific metals.

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